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Articles

Dresser-Rand launches new performance module

China orders for Rolls-Royce gas turbines

Using aeroderivatives in LNG production

Differentiating Between Fluid Induced Instability (Oil Whirl and Oil Whip) and a Rub

Validating the 7FA

Applying Alstom Sequential Combustion to IGCC

Shaft Average Centerline and DC Orbit Data Plots

Using microturbines to burn diluted concentrations of methane

How reliable are reliability figures?

Do you know where your bolts came from?

Vibration: The pulse of rotating machinery

Are recuperators always great?

The cover story of our upcoming July/August issue deep dives into our recent State of the Industry survey results and the dynamic factors shaping the turbomachinery sector. We've gathered insights, identified trends, and asked about solutions on the persistent supply chain constraints, the impact of rising material costs, and the ongoing challenge of labor shortages and skill gaps. The in-depth market report also explores the adoption of modular solutions and the accelerating drive toward decarbonization, offering a comprehensive look at the challenges the industry is facing and its adapting and innovating in response to these dynamic conditions.

We are releasing a series of preliminary interviews related to our market report. The first interview features Ulrich Schmitz, Vice President of Marketing in the Gas and Processing Division at Atlas Copco. He discusses the pressing issues facing the turbomachinery industry and addresses the challenges outlined above. Additionally, he highlights the technological solutions that Atlas Copco is implementing to meet the growing power demands, particularly those driven by the expansion of AI and data centers.

A few factors that are greatly impacting decisions within the turbomachinery industry are global economic conditions and energy market volatility. What conversations is Atlas Copco having around these factors? How are you navigating the volatility and uncertainty your customers are experiencing?

 Yes, that is true. The move toward climate change, reducing emissions, and creating cleaner energy began around 10 years ago, possibly even earlier during the Paris Agreement discussions. In recent years, we've witnessed considerable changes due to the pandemic, the invasion of Ukraine, and various other global conflicts. Additionally, we have changing administrations in the United States. All these factors are causing significant attention on projects, and investors are not moving as quickly as we would expect. We navigate this by maintaining close conversations with our customers to ensure we are aligned with their needs. We adapt our offerings and products to suit the conditions they face.

How are you responding to supply-chain constraints and rising material costs? What solutions are you offering your customers to combat these concerns?

 Rising material costs vary by geographical region. Energy costs drive material costs, and we’ve noticed increases in the Western world linked to higher energy expenses and supply-chain constraints caused by logistical bottlenecks. We address these challenges by leveraging our global footprint. We have factories in various regions, including the United States, Europe, and Asia, which provide us with a broad pool of qualified vendors. This approach also helps when tariffs are involved; we can produce more locally if we have suitable suppliers. That’s one of our key initiatives.

Have you seen an uptick in modular and mobile technologies to meet increasing power demands or even the use of smaller micro turbines? If not these, which types of technologies are being used to meet increased demand?

 Regarding power demand, we have indeed seen an increase. There’s a clear rise in electricity production for decarbonization and its use in processes and mobility, including the utilization of natural gas. Our equipment is primarily designed for permanent facilities, not mobile projects or plants. However, modularization is a way to reduce onsite work, which is beneficial in regions with high labor costs, such as the United States or Europe, compared to Asia. So, we are seeing modularization in this context.

How are decarbonization technologies advancing within your organization? What’s the demand for these technologies?

Decarbonization is definitely a driving force in our business, especially in the Western world, and it is increasingly gaining traction in Asia. It’s a crucial effort for society, industry, and for us as equipment suppliers.

One of the biggest challenges facing the industry today is labor shortages and skill gaps. How is Atlas Copco working with industry to close the gap and raise a skilled workforce?

We strive to attract young talent early in their careers. We engage with universities and participate in job fairs to entice young people and offer them opportunities within our company. We also utilize various social media channels to reach potential talent. Although we see positive outcomes from these efforts, we recognize that we cannot rely solely on this approach. We are also employing artificial intelligence to enhance efficiency and address potential labor shortages.

Podcasts

Ulrich Schmitz of Atlas Copco discusses industry challenges and how it’s adapting offerings, leveraging its global presence, and embracing decarbonization and AI.

Atlas Copco Addresses Industry Challenges, Increasing Energy Demand

In part II of the TuboTime episode on designing turbomachines, the Myth Busters, Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz, discuss the accuracy of these design tools, which benchmark testing is still required, and current state-of-the-art tools.

How accurate are these tools? Are the software limitations a part of the software, or are they human input issues?

 It depends on the software, right? There are situations where you need to be fairly accurate. Most finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are reasonably accurate, depending on the input of your boundary conditions. You really need to consider what you're trying to accomplish. Structural FEA is more advanced than CFD. Additionally, the equations being solved are fundamentally more linear, and therefore, the expected results tend to be more precise. You can generally expect to be within a couple of percent. In contrast, with CFD, the equations, as Rainer mentioned earlier, the Navier-Stokes equations, are highly complex and nonlinear partial differential equations. These equations are difficult to solve, and you can end up with very inaccurate results because many approximations are made, especially regarding turbulence modeling and boundary layers. The fidelity of the model is essential since you can't delve down to a molecular level; there's a limit to the size at which you can operate before you must make turbulence assumptions and consider steady state versus transient conditions. There are numerous opportunities for error here, and those are some of the significant ones.

 The issue is fundamentally this: What problem are you trying to solve? If you ask a designer to create a new compressor stage that aligns with the experience level of that company's database, you can likely determine things like efficiency or head-making capability, particularly in terms of aerodynamics, probably within a few percent without ever testing it. However, if you are dealing with something for which there is no reference data—essentially operating in uncharted waters and relying solely on your code—the accuracy is significantly and dramatically lower than that.

How accurate are advanced computational tools like CFD and FEA? Find out in part II of designing turbomachines with the Myth Busters.

TurboTime Podcast: Designing Turbomachines - Part II

In this episode of the TurboTime podcast, Myth Busters Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz discuss the design of turbomachines. They describe the typical design process for a turbomachine, outline the required engineering tools, and explain each analytical tool's function: finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and rotor and blade dynamics. They also discuss how compressors, pumps, and turbomachines were designed before these advanced computational tools existed.

TURBO: Can you describe the typical design process of a turbomachine and what engineering tools are required?

 You begin with what's known as a 1D analysis, then move to a 2D analysis, also called a blade passage flow analysis. After that, you proceed to 3D and conduct some testing before refining your geometry. In essence, that's the aerodynamics part, right? However, there’s an initial step that is often overlooked, which is your own experience. You start your design based on your experience and your existing machinery portfolio. If you’re a turbomachinery manufacturer with 50, 60, or 70 years in the field, you’ve likely worked on various types of machines. Therefore, before designing a new machine, impeller, or expander, you review your existing portfolio; that's usually your starting point. You examine what's closest to your needs within that portfolio to determine if you can build upon it or if you need to start from scratch. Besides the aerodynamic design process, there's also a review of structures and dynamics that runs parallel to your aerodynamic process. You perform aerodynamic design followed by structural checks. Essentially, you assess the solids and dynamics to ensure there’s no risk of failure due to vibration. You conduct these evaluations throughout to avoid potential failures. These are generally well-known considerations. Additionally, a third aspect that often gets overlooked is manufacturability. It’s crucial to ensure that what you're designing can actually be manufactured, as it wouldn’t make sense to design an impeller or a machine that ultimately cannot be produced due to a lack of available technology or machinery. This consideration relates closely to materials, so manufacturability and materials fall into the same category, requiring a review of your materials, coatings, etc., throughout the design process to ensure that your design is feasible for production.

 I’d also like to point out that, as engineers, we don't design these machines out of thin air. There’s usually a use case, a customer, or a market assessment that indicates we need something that fits specific requirements. This could be a gas turbine that produces 20,000 horsepower or a compressor that can deliver more throughput than what my competitors can achieve within a given casing size, and so on. Then, we enter a process where engineering is asked, "Hey, can you guys do that?” Of course, someone also inevitably asks if we can achieve that at a cost that makes the project feasible. Yes, Klaus is absolutely right; this essentially defines the playground we work within. From there, we move from what could be considered a rough draft, using our experience, to increasingly refined concepts. Ultimately, you'll end up with some CFD simulations, and after building the first machine or prototype, there will be some testing to follow.

Do engineers overrely on computational tools? The Myth Busters deep dive into engineering tools, such as CFD and FEA, used to design turbomachines. 

TurboTime Podcast: The Turbomachinery Design Process - Part I

In this episode of the TurboTime podcast, Myth Busters Klaus Burn of Ebara Elliott Energy and Rainer Kurz of RKSBenergy LLC dive into electrification: what it is and debunk the myth that it and machines—such as hermetically sealed compressors and high-speed electric motor drives—hydrogen blending and others are decarbonized.

TURBO: Can you break down the assertion that that machinery electrification and electric-motor drives are a decarbonization myth?

 There are a lot of decarbonization myths that don’t just have to do with electrification and electric motors and hermetically sealed drives and high-speed motors, but they also have to do with hydrogen blending, unburned hydrocarbons and gas turbines, and other types of emissions that are part of the sustainable energy economy. What we set to do, however, is talk about electrification, which is basically when you take a turbomachine, a compressor or pump, and instead of running it with a driver—e.g., a gas or steam turbine, which has been done traditionally at a lot of compressor stations, pipelines, or in refineries, ethylene plants, or other places—you actually replace them with an electric motor. And, obviously, an electric motor does not have any emissions directly; it just shifts the responsibility of the carbon production from where you utilize the electric motor to where the electricity comes from. And the last time I checked, at least in most of the industrialized nations such as North America, 60% of all fossil electricity comes from fossil fuels, a mix of natural gas and coal. China actually has more—I think 70% of the electricity comes from fossil fuels, mostly coal, which is very dirty. Europe is not quite as bad. They now have about 40% alternative energies, but still a substantial part. So, you're really just shifting the carbon emission from one place to another, sometimes in a very, very inefficient way.

 In a way, this discussion is always about where you draw the emissions boundaries. Klaus is right: As soon as you can shift your emissions outside your boundaries, you can claim you are carbon-neutral, whereas, in reality, you just made somebody else deal with your carbon emissions. There are quite a few studies that address that one way or another and very clearly show if you make electricity while creating CO

 or other emissions, you may create more emissions with an electric driver than with a driver that’s driven by fossil-fueled engines.

Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz break down the myth that electrification and electric-motor drives are decarbonized. 

TurboTime Podcast: Debunking Machinery Decarbonization Myths

In this interview with Scott DeNeale, a Water Resources Engineer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, we discuss the lab’s current research projects in hydropower and trends such as low-head and modular designs and metal additive manufacturing to manufacture Francis turbines. The lab is working on a lot of exciting work, and even though hydropower has been around for 150 years, DeNeale said there is a lot of opportunity to complement new generation with environmental compatibility.

An interesting fact is that only 3% of the more than 90,000 damns in the United States use hydropower. Why? Listen to find out!

TURBO: Can you tell us a little about Oak Ridge National Lab?

 Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the largest multi-program science and technology laboratory in the United States. It's managed by UT Battelle but is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy. As part of my research, I do a lot of work for hydropower. The research and development that I do touch on a lot of different things. We look at grid integration, markets, reliability, performance, hydrology and hydraulics, water management, biodiversity and ecosystem science. We look at technological advancement as well.

TURBO: What recent advancements have you seen in turbomachinery used in hydropower technology and pumped storage hydropower technology?

 Conventional hydropower—what we would speak to is the age of the big dams is over, so a lot of what we're looking at is retrofitting existing dams, replacing units, or adding new units to existing dams. And there's an area looking at canals and conduits as well. So, some of the advancements that I've seen are really geared toward the existing infrastructure, which has largely low-head or low-pressure potential. It’s a little bit different design that is used to capture that design point. Another area is modular technologies and standard technologies. Conventionally, a lot of turbines are custom-built, so the ability to have a standard design that could be plug-and-play has been of interest. We've had some research over the past 10 years related to that, working with industry on advancing their concepts as well. 

For pumped storage … I would refer you to a report from some of my friends at Argonne National Laboratory. They have done some great documentation of innovations—a lot of it's conceptual for pump storage but some cool innovations there. However, there has been no new pump storage since 2012. And, even with that, that was a very small project. So, since the mid-nineties, there really hasn’t been much of anything in terms of new pump storage, but there is a great demand for it.

Scott DeNeale of Oak Ridge National Lab shares trends in hydropower—from modular designs to additive-manufactured Francis turbines. 

TurboTime Podcast: Modular and Low-Head Designs are Trending in Hydropower 

In this episode of the TurboTime Podcast, Myth Busters Klaus Burn of Ebara Elliott Energy, and Rainer Kurz of RKSBenergy LLC, discuss root-cause analysis (RCA), including what it is, the philosophy and methodologies behind it, what actions should and should not be taken, and more.

Brun said: “RCA, some folks call it root-cause failure analysis, looks at something that failed: Your machine had a catastrophic failure, or you’re missing performance by a percent or two—something is not as you would expect in a compressor or gas or steam turbine, and you want to figure out what it is. So, you perform an RCA based on certain symptoms. In most cases, RCA starts with a review of the machine’s operation that may have preceded the failure and in some cases a metallurgical investigation, which is one of the best indicators as to what failed. It can indicate it was high-cycle fatigue, sudden overload, corrosion or erosion, for example. Then you figure out what excitation may have caused the high-cycle fatigue or what in your process gas may have caused corrosion or erosion.”

Kurz said: “In a way, this is a bit like a detective story. You find something failed, aka the dead body, and then you gather evidence. One of the key things in root-cause failure analysis is that you not only gather evidence, but you also document it. One of the key problems when these reports are written is you have a failure in 2015, for example, and you conduct an RCA, and the next similar failure isn’t for another 10 years. (These events don’t happen that often.) And if you haven't documented what you did for the first one, you can’t use it as a starting point.”

Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz discuss root-cause analysis—what it is, its methodologies, and why it’s so important to managing turbomachines.

TurboTime Podcast: Root Cause Analysis with the Myth Busters 

During this episode of the TurboTime Podcast, Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz discuss how hydrogen is transported and its use as an energy carrier. They then discuss how ammonia is produced, its advantages and limitations, and for what industries it’s a suitable solution.

“We’ve previously talked about hydrogen in some of our Myth Buster podcasts and how it’s relevant to a decarbonized energy economy as an energy carrier. Unfortunately, hydrogen itself has a lot of nasty characteristics: it's hard to compress, highly flammable, as a gas it’s not easy to deal with, etc. From a transportation and storage perspective, it leaks, has many safety issues, causes hydrogen embrittlement, etc., making it difficult to transport.”

“Making ammonia is nothing new. We know how to how the process works, but it is an energy-intensive process. But ammonia is a very toxic gas. It causes skin burns rapidly if you touch it in liquid form. In vapor form, even at less than 100 PPMs, it’s very irritating, so it creates a lot of issues from the handling perspective.”

In this episode of the TurboTime podcast, Myth Buster Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz discuss ammonia. 

TurboTime Podcast: Ammonia with the Myth Busters

This episode of the TurboTime podcast features an onsite interview from our Turbo Tour of EthosEnergy’s Light Gas Turbine and Performance Center Facility in Houston. Assistant Editor James Cook talks with Daniel Tegtmeier, Director of EthosEnergy's Performance Center, about remote monitoring and operations, the changing energy landscape, and the benefits of remote start/stop and virtual capabilities.

Q: How does remote monitoring keep simple-cycle assets viable in a market focused on renewable energy?

 If you think about a machine built 20+ years ago and its efficiency, it still has a place in the market when competing with renewables. It’s not like it used to be though—these units used to run wide-open, 24/7. They’re now intermittent assets competing with renewables and zero-cost fuels, but once the wind stops blowing and the sun stops shining, that load is gone.

These are simple-cycle configurations, so they can come online quickly and be at 100 - 120 MW in less than an hour. So, you’re going to staff a facility 8,000 hours per year in case they call you up? That’s part of what we do and the justification for remote operations—you need the intermittent load from simple-cycle assets in rapid fashion, but you can’t afford to staff these places full-time.

Q: In addition to that justification, are there any safety improvements delivered through remote start/stop and control capabilities?

 Economics seems to drive most decision processes behind whether you’re remotely operating a facility or not; however, there’s a huge safety aspect. You don’t need people there 24 hours a day around equipment with a lot of pent-up energy, so exposure levels drop dramatically. For the most part, these machines are designed so well and over-engineered from day one that they’re conducive to [remote monitoring].

In this episode of the TurboTime podcast, Daniel Tegtmeier, Director of EthosEnergy’s Performance Center, talks about remote operations and monitoring. 

TurboTime Podcast: Remote Monitoring with EthosEnergy

In this episode of the TurboTime podcast, Klaus Brun and Rainer Kurz talk about turbine degradation. They define terms such as fouling, corrosion, erosion, and rubbing and dig a little bit into what causes degradation, how it can be measured and minimized, and the difference between recoverable and non-recoverable degradation.

Burn explained: “A gas turbine system consists of a compressor, combustor, and one or several turbines, so degradation at its highest level is simply measured by what power output and efficiency to expect under certain operating conditions from a new machine and how much less power and less efficiency do you get after that machine has been running for thousands or tens of thousands of hours. The primary measurement is really on a macro level.”

During this episode, the Myth Busters break down the many terms associated with degradation, what components degrade, how it can be measured and minimized, and more. 

TurboTime Podcast: Turbomachine Degradation with the Myth Busters

In this episode of the TurboTime Podcast, we talk with Giuseppe Tilocca, Scientific Officer at ETN Global, a non-profit member association in the gas turbine technology space. ETN Global’s recent global report, 

Decentralized Energy Systems: Toward Carbon-Neutral Energy Solutions for Gas Turbines

, compares decentralized systems to centralized heat and power units and highlights its advantages—including modularity, the possibility to exploit waste heat avoiding energy transmission losses, and reducing energy distribution costs. Tilocca reviews these advantages in detail, as well as trends and emerging market opportunities, and he dives into gas turbines and how they fit into decentralized energy systems.

“Considering this specific report, we all know that the energy sector is transforming very quickly, and it's mainly driven by the increasingly high share of renewable energy sources,” Ticolla said. “In this scenario, which is dominated by variable sources whose daily, weekly, and seasonal flexibility are set to go dramatically, to meet the system requirements while accomplishing the ambitious decarbonization goals, we need to support traditional centralized generation with a mix of the centralized components.”

So, how does ETN Global define decentralized energy systems, and what are their advantages?

“Historically, we established centralized energy systems, meaning large plants located far from consumers,” Tilocca explained. “The reason behind it is merely economy of scale and efficiency, so it is cheaper to have one big plant than many small ones; however, with the increasing integration of variable renewable energy sources, which are inherently decentralized, we now need to adapt our infrastructure and incorporate technologies that are traditionally used for centralized energy. By definition, a decentralized energy system is located close to the consumption nodes—so on the end user side of the network—and therefore it's connected to the distribution grid rather than the transmission grid. The advantages of a decentralized energy system are mainly modularity, the possibility of exploiting waste heat, and a positive contribution to stability. In particular, one of the main advantages of being close to consumption nodes is avoiding transmission and distribution losses and also costs compared to centralized generation. Centralized energy systems are pivotal in meeting the pillars of the energy trilemma, which stress the principles of affordability, security, and climate neutrality and hence it aligns with the requirements for the transition toward 2030 but also 2040 and 2050.”

ETN Global’s Scientific Officer, Giuseppe Tilocca, talks about the association’s recent report on decentralized energy systems—their advantages and challenges, trends, and where and how gas turbines fit in.  

TurboTime Podcast: Decentralized Energy Systems with ETN Global 

Baker Hughes and PETRONAS will explore implementing enhanced LNG services, mature asset solutions, AI, and CCUS, among other technological solutions. 

Baker Hughes, PETRONAS Collaborate to Support Asia’s Energy Expansion

The first block at the Taiwan power plant provides 1.3 GW of cleaner energy, aiming to replace coal units and reduce emissions while stabilizing the country’s electricity grid.

Hsinta Power Plant Goes Online with GE Vernova’s 7HA.03 to Support Coal-to-Gas Transition

Jeff Moore of SwRI highlights the successful testing of a 10 MWe sCO2 turbine in simple-cycle configuration, initially achieving over 8 MW of gross shaft power and 4 MWe net electric output when synchronized to the grid.

SwRI's STEP Demo Project Advances sCO2 Turbine Technology 

Baker Hughes is set to support Saipem's Eni-led Liverpool Bay CCS Project, enhancing CO2 storage capabilities in the U.K. through advanced compression technology.

Baker Hughes Secures Contract for Carbon-Capture Technology in Liverpool Bay Project

GE Vernova will supply six XPRESS LM2500 aeroderivative gas turbine modular packages and an emissions control system to boost Puerto Rico's capacity for peak summer demand and potential emergency power.

GE Vernova Secures Gas Turbine Order to Modernize Puerto Rico's Power Grid

 surveyed its readers about the state of the industry. One recurring challenge in our readers’ responses was labor shortages and skill gaps.

At Tubo Expo 2025, held June 17-18 in Memphis, Tennessee, we asked industry leaders about how they are collaborating with partners and academia, and networking at conferences to build a skilled workforce and address shortages.

Hear insights from Antonio Escamilla Perejon, Client Relationship Manager at ETN Global; Tim Allison, Director of R&D in the Machinery Department of Southwest Research Institute; Dr. Eric Petersen, Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Turbomachinery Laboratory at Texas A&M, Angelique Vesey, Senior Director of TEC Strategy & Operations at ASME; and Susan Scofield, VP of Business Operations for North America at Siemens Energy.

Industry leaders discuss strategies—collaborating with academia, partners, and networking—to cultivate a skilled workforce and address labor challenges.

Building a Skilled Turbomachinery Workforce: Collaboration and Innovation

to listen to Ulrich Schmitz, Vice President of Marketing in the Gas and Processing Division at Atlas Copco, discuss pressing issues facing the turbomachinery industry. 

Conference Coverage

Susan Scofield, a co-curator for the Celebrating Women in Turbomachinery program at Turbo Expo 2025, shared her insights on how the industry can and does support women in the industry. Scofield is also the Vice President of Business Operations for North America at Siemens Energy, Vice Chair of the IGTI Strategy Department, and Executive Conference Chair of the Turbo Expo Organizing Committee.

At Turbo Expo 2025, Susan Scofield of Siemens Energy says great role models, mentoring programs, and building networks support women in turbomachinery. 

How Industry Can Support Women in Turbomachinery

How can the industry support and uplift women in turbomachinery?

Going into it, sometimes you fall into a great role model—a great mentor who gives you that boost of courage or just shows you what the future possibility is like. Other times, you have to be intentional around it. We have great opportunities with things like the ASME mentoring program and the Young Student Advisory Committee, which promotes what jobs and careers could look like in turbomachinery. And then sometimes you get lucky with professors like Jackie O'Connor at Penn State, who are just fantastic and do awesome work. You then get a chance to showcase what you've learned and build a bridge into an industry of what the future possibilities could be like for your own career. So, building these networks in the places that do exist—there are places that exist with a lot of great opportunity—is a key to helping the next generation of women and men be fantastic in the turbomachinery industry.

 to hear the biggest challenges for women working in the turbomachinery industry. 

caught up with Dr. Eric Petersen, Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Turbomachinery Laboratory at Texas A&M, to hear about the latest updates at its recently opened Propulsion and Energetics Research Laboratory (PERL) and the university’s Energy and Propulsion Research Consortium, a new sister entity to the established Turbomachinery Research Consortium.

Dr. Eric Petersen of Texas A&M says the newly established Energy and Propulsion Research Consortium aims to foster research funding to support research. 

Texas A&M's Plans to Expand the PERL’s Lab Scope, Establishes EPR

We have been building this facility over the last couple of years with support from the College of Engineering at Texas A&M University. I am happy to announce that as of May 2025, it is now open for business. Currently, we are in the process of setting up our instrumentation center and diagnostics and control room, as well as testing and conducting shakedown activities for the facility itself. While we are not yet conducting large-scale experiments, we are testing the rooms and various capabilities of the facility in preparation for upcoming larger, more established projects that will be funded in this laboratory. We are very excited about expanding our scope to include high-pressure, energetic, and potentially dangerous experiments, all conducted in a controlled manner within this unique lab space.

Is there anything you want to highlight from a program or research standpoint?

At the Turbomachinery Laboratory, recent collaborations with the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Texas A&M have led to the hiring of several faculty members with expertise in thermofluids, propulsion, and combustion. This represents an area of new growth for us and aligns directly with the recently developed PEARL facility, as well as what we refer to as the Energy and Propulsion Research Consortium (EPRC). The EPRC is a sister entity to the established Turbomachinery Research Consortium (TRC). Our goal is to create a funding mechanism through various industry sponsors to support research projects focused on energy and propulsion, mirroring the successful format we have used for several decades through the TRC.

Texas A&M's Plans to Expand the PERL’s Lab Scope, Establishes EPRC

At Turbo Expo 2025, Antonio Escamilla Perejon, Client Relationship Manager at ETN Global, sat down with 

rnational to discuss how micro-gas turbines are adapting to alternative fuels like hydrogen, their role in the push to decarbonize, and their inherent built-in features such as fuel flexibility and modularity. 

ETN Global's presentation at Turbo Expo. 

ETN Global says micro gas turbines are improving due to advances in heat recovery, fuel flexibility

Micro Gas Turbine Advancements and Market Dynamics

TURBO: How are micro-gas turbines adapting to alternative fuels like hydrogen, and what's their role in the push to decarbonize?

Micro-gas turbines are well-suited to lead the transition to cleaner fuels due to their inherent fuel flexibility and modularity. We can already find some models on the market that operate with hydrogen blends, and research and development are underway to enable operation with up to 100% hydrogen and stable combustion. Regarding low NOx, we want to achieve net zero. We also need to target those hard-to-electrify industries where micro-gas turbines can be robust solutions. In this case, these sectors require both heat and power, and many times they lack grid reliability. Within ETN Global, we support hydrogen readiness through our hydrogen working group and various cross-sector collaboration projects. We believe in the unique potential of micro gas turbines as a bridging technology to achieve net zero. Additionally, some ETN Global members are using micro-gas turbines to develop and validate concepts such as hydrogen combustion and carbon capture and sequestration. These smaller systems allow for faster iterations, lower experimental costs, and serve as a foundation for developing concepts that can later be scaled for larger gas turbines. This bottom-up approach can really accelerate the energy transition.

TURBO: What are your clients' top priorities regarding micro-gas turbines, and how is ETN Global directly supporting these needs?

: End users are primarily focused on reliability, lifecycle costs, fuel flexibility, and a clear path toward lower-carbon operations. There is a bit of a concern about market fragmentation, as there is a need to standardize interfaces, build up trust, and scale deployments. ETN Global is addressing this by setting up a collaborative and competitive environment that accelerates shared learning and supports technology development. ETN Global acts as a neutral facilitator connecting OEMs, operators, suppliers, research institutions, and policymakers to identify barriers and drive innovations. Our support for the European Micro-Gas Turbine Energy Forum can help amplify the visibility and momentum of the micro-gas turbine.

Antonio Perejon of ETN Global says micro-gas turbines are well-suited to lead the transition to cleaner fuels due to their inherent fuel flexibility and modularity. 

Micro-Gas Turbines Support Hydrogen, Modularity, Hard-To-Electrify Industries

At Turbo Expo 2025, Tim Allison, Director of R&D in the Machinery Department at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), sat down with 

to discuss how SwRI is advancing diagnostics and predictive maintenance to extend the life and improve the reliability of existing turbomachinery, and how decarbonization goals are influencing turbomachinery design in terms of new materials and alternative fluids like hydrogen.

: Tim Allison of SwRI shares how the institute is working to improve turbomachinery reliability and material compatibility of hydrogen and sCO2 oxy combustion

SWRI Says NPSS Turbomachinery Models Can Guide Future Preventive Maintenance to Improve Reliability  

How is SwRI advancing diagnostics and predictive maintenance to extend the life and improve the reliability of existing turbomachinery?

SWRI develops the NPSS software code. It's a numerical propulsion system simulator, which is a thermodynamic tool for modeling gas turbines or turbomachinery and power systems. That code is the industry standard for aerospace gas turbines and has paved the way toward adoption with multiple industrial turbine OEMs over the last few years, and they do actively use that code as the basis for developing digital twins for their models. The NPSS models of turbomachines can be used to track degradation and guide future preventive maintenance efforts for reliability.

We also do a lot of work solving or improving reliability by solving problems in the field. We have a staff that travels with all sorts of instrumentation for processes, as well as advanced optical measurements for vibration and rotating shafts to help diagnose issues in the field and improve reliability.

How are decarbonization goals influencing turbomachinery design at SwRI, particularly regarding new materials and alternative fluids like hydrogen?

SWRI's efforts toward decarbonization technologies are really guided by our clients, so we support a lot of their interests. Right now, we're seeing a lot of interest in technologies like hydrogen, carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO

), and industrial applications reducing carbon or effective carbon emissions. Those involve machinery technologies like hermetic machines and really high pressures and temperatures to improve power density and efficiency.

To improve those designs, we incorporate different test rigs that are designed to evaluate the material compatibility of hydrogen or sCO

 oxy combustion at elevated or actual conditions. We also have a number of component test rigs for the components that are needed to support machines in these applications. So, we have different bearing test rigs and seal test rigs that help us to develop components for hermetic machinery at high pressures or high temperatures.

Tim Allison of SwRI shares how the institute is working to improve turbomachinery reliability and material compatibility of hydrogen and sCO2 oxy combustion. 

 to discuss key technological advancements that are driving global micro-gas turbine adoption, growth barriers, and primary market drivers.

to read ETN Global's Turbo Expo session on micro-gas turbines.

Antonio Perejon of ETN Global says micro gas turbines are improving.

TURBO: What key technological advancements are currently driving micro-gas turbine adoption globally?

 Recent developments in heat recovery systems, fuel-flexible combustion, and digital control systems are significantly improving the performance and appeal of micro-gas turbines. Hot temperature materials and more robust coatings are reducing maintenance and increasing equipment lifetime. While more advanced control systems enable autonomous operations and easy integration, some manufacturers are choosing more complex architectures, such as two- and three-spool configurations, which enable greater operational flexibility and allow turbines to operate more efficiently across burning load conditions, which increases the part load efficiency and supports easier integration with dynamic energy systems.

With ETN Global’s Energy Integration Working Group, we are fostering continuous collaborations to support these developments, especially around decarbonized fuel compatibility and system integration. The sector is advancing, but scale remains a barrier. Adoption is still hindered by low commercial volumes and a need for a broader market pool.

TURBO: What are the primary global drivers for the micro-gas turbine market growth?

 Market trends arise from a growing demand for decentralized and resilient energy systems. Moreover, there is a need for combined heat and power, which offers continuous power, low emissions, and minimal noise, along with the potential for integration with low-carbon fuels. Unlike larger gas turbines, the micro gas turbine market remains small and faces intense competition from technologies such as fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and even solar photovoltaics. The reasons for this include the battery engine system, which typically benefits from greater visibility and funding within ET and globally. We are supporting and fostering this through our technical platforms and at the European Micro Gas Turbines Energy Forum, which we are co-sharing. This year marks the first signs, and we will host the discovery in Brussels.

 are well-suited for the energy transition to cleaner fuels. 

Antonio Perejon of ETN Global says micro-gas turbines are improving due to advances in heat recovery, fuel flexibility, and digital controls, but market adoption still faces challenges.

Micro-Gas Turbine Advancements and Market Dynamics

 power cycle research and development, including the STEP Demo pilot plant.

Tim Allison of SwRI shares the biggest remaining hurdles for widespread sCO2 turbomachinery commercialization and the most promising energy storage solutions.

SWRI Shares Biggest Hurdles for Widespread sCO2

Tim Allison of SwRI shares outcomes from the STEP Demo pilot plant, sCO2 commercialization, and the most promising energy storage solutions.

Gas Turbines

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